There are a few ways that engines can be upgraded. One common approach is the downsizing in displacement and cylinders in exchange for turbocharging or supercharging. This often does achieve the better fuel economy that the engine was designed for, as well as the power of a larger engine. However, the power delivery of a naturally aspirated engine and a turbocharged engine vary drastically. Many turbocharged engines have turbo-lag or a delay between driver input and engine response. This is because some larger turbos take time to spool up before providing their forced induction. Turbochargers can be expensive too, and the customer is likely the one who has to pay for it.
The best modern engines are the new naturally aspirated ones. A naturally aspirated engine provides the direct response and the better power curve then a turbo does. In high performance automobiles, the most power is made at the higher rpms. While slightly impractical, this is very fun. In other cars, the power is more accessible while being more linear and responsive than a forced induction.
While offering a better driver experience, naturally aspirated engines can be efficient too. Many automakers have improved their "NA" engines rather than going forced induction. Automakers use technologies like direct injection, variable-valve timing, and cylinder deactivation. Most importantly though is that these features add horsepower and torque. In some cases, automakers can downsize displacement while maintaining similar power and getting better fuel efficiency. Porsche has done just that with their 991 Carrera base model, moving from a 3.6 liter 6 cylinder to a 3.4 liter while producing nearly identical power and raising efficiency. Mercedes with their new 3.5 liter V-6 maintained displacement, but made it more powerful by 34 horsepower, and more efficient. Technology has allowed manufacturers to provide engine enhancements without sacrificing performance.
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